Quantum dynamics in canonical and micro-canonical ensembles. Part I. Anderson localization of electrons

The new numerical approach for consideration of quantum dynamics and calculations of the average values of quantum operators and time correlation functions in the Wigner representation of quantum statistical mechanics has been developed. The time correlation functions have been presented in the form of the integral of the Weyl's symbol of considered operators and the Fourier transform of the product of matrix elements of the dynamic propagators. For the last function the integral Wigner- Liouville's type equation has been derived. The numerical procedure for solving this equation combining both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods has been developed. For electrons in disordered systems of scatterers the numerical results have been obtained for series of the average values of the quantum operators including position and momentum dispersions, average energy, energy distribution function as well as for the frequency dependencies of tensor of electron conductivity and permittivity according to quantum Kubo formula. Zero or very small value of static conductivity have been considered as the manifestation of Anderson localization of electrons in 1D case. Independent evidence of Anderson localization comes from the behaviour of the calculated time dependence of position dispersion.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

Reaction-Diffusion System in a Vesicle with Semi-Permeable Membrane

We study the Schloegl model in a vesicle with semi-permeable membrane. The diffusion constant takes a smaller value in the membrane region, which prevents the outflow of self-catalytic product. A nonequilibrium state is stably maintained inside of the vesicle. Nutrients are absorbed and waste materials are exhausted through the membrane by diffusion. It is interpreted as a model of primitive metabolism in a cell.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Creation and Reproduction of Model Cells with Semipermeable Membrane

A high activity of reactions can be confined in a model cell with a semipermeable membrane in the Schl\"ogl model. It is interpreted as a model of primitive metabolism in a cell. We study two generalized models to understand the creation of primitive cell systems conceptually from the view point of the nonlinear-nonequilibrium physics. In the first model, a single-cell system with a highly active state confined by a semipermeable membrane is spontaneously created from an inactive homogeneous state by a stochastic jump process. In the second model, many cell structures are reproduced from a single cell, and a multicellular system is created.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Ranking of urban areas for the comprehensive assessment of fire damage

Одной из наиболее важных причин, приводящих к частичному или полному уничтожению объектов собственности, являются пожары. Социальный и экономический ущерб от пожаров значительно снижает макроэкономические показатели регионов и территорий. Таким образом, необходимость полной и объективной оценки ущербов от пожаров не вызывает сомнений. Основной гипотезой проведенного исследования стало предположение, что характеристики территорий и объектов, на которых произошел пожар, оказывают существенное влияние на результат комплексной оценки ущерба от пожаров. Ранжирование урбанизированных территорий с учетом характеристик расположенных на них объектов должно являться неотъемлемым элементом комплексной оценки ущерба от пожаров. Автором отмечается, что на объектах и территориях, не отличающихся однородностью по функциональному назначению, пожары характеризуются увеличением общего ущерба от пожара или его отдельных видов. В статье использованы аналитические методы исследования, а также методы классификации, типологизации и ранжирования. В работе проведено детальное изучение отечественного и зарубежного опыта в области районирования и ранжирования территорий. Проведенный анализ этого опыта позволил составить классификацию объектов и территорий для проведения комплексной оценки ущерба от пожаров. В результате исследования составлена карта территорий города Екатеринбурга, учитывающая вопросы оценки комплексного ущерба от пожара. На примере города Екатеринбурга проведен анализ нетипичных пересечений объектов и территорий, на основе которого предложен коэффициент, корректирующий комплексный ущерб от пожаров. Автором предложен простой и универсальный подход к ранжированию территорий, учитывающий неоднородность объектов и территорий, а также выполнено исследование этого явления и его влияния на увеличение комплексного ущерба от пожаров. Перспективным научным направлением в данной области станет исследование комплексной оценки ущерба от пожаров в сельской местности.One of the most important causes of partial or complete destruction of property is fire. Social and economic damage from fire substantially reduces the regional macroeconomic indicators. Thus, a complete and objective assessment of fire damage is a necessity. We hypothesise that a comprehensive assessment of fire damage significantly depends on the characteristics of areas and facilities, where the fire occurred. Such comprehensive assessment should necessarily include the ranking of urban areas and consider the characteristics of facilities located there. We noted that areas and facilities with heterogeneous functions are characterised by increased fire damage (partial or complete). We applied analytical research methods, as well as classification, typology and ranking methods. Based on a detailed analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the field of zoning and ranking of areas, we created a classification of facilities and areas for the comprehensive assessment of fire damage. As a result, we constructed a map of Ekaterinburg areas, taking into account the issues of the comprehensive assessment of fire damage. On the example of Ekaterinburg, we analysed atypical conjunctions of facilities and areas and proposed an index for adjusting complex fire damage. We suggested a simple and versatile approach to ranking areas that considers the heterogeneity of facilities and areas. Additionally, we analysed this phenomenon and its impact on the comprehensive assessment of fire damage. A promising direction for further research is the examination of the comprehensive assessment of fire damage in rural areas.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с Планом НИР Уральского института ГПС МЧС России на 2020 год.The article has been prepared in accordance with the Research Plan of the Ural Institute of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia for 2020

Toolkit for Simulation Modeling of Logistics Warehouse in Distributed Computing Environment

We address an important problem of an automation of logistics warehouses simulation modeling in distributed service-oriented computing environments. To this end, we propose new approach for adjusting management system parameters of real warehouse in production use. It is based on the integration of the conceptual, wireframe and service-oriented programming used to develop parameter sweep applications and data analysis in the simulation modeling process. We develop a toolkit for supporting modeling of warehouse logistics. The practical experiments are focused upon the refrigerated warehouse. The developed application demonstrates high efficiency and scalability for optimizing nine criteria to cope with different production demands.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, projects no. 15-29-07955 and no. 16-07-00931, and Program 1.33P of fundamental research of Presidium RAS, project “Development of new approaches to creation and study of complex models of information-computational and dynamic systems with applications”

Landau Level Crossings and Extended-State Mapping in Magnetic Two-dimensional Electron Gases

We present longitudinal and Hall magneto-resistance measurements of a ``magnetic'' two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed in modulation-doped Zn$_{1-x-y}$Cd$_{x}$Mn$_{y}$Se quantum wells. The electron spin splitting is temperature and magnetic field dependent, resulting in striking features as Landau levels of opposite spin cross near the Fermi level. Magnetization measurements on the same sample probe the total density of states and Fermi energy, allowing us to fit the transport data using a model involving extended states centered at each Landau level and two-channel conduction for spin-up and spin-down electrons. A mapping of the extended states over the whole quantum Hall effect regime shows no floating of extended states as Landau levels cross near the Fermi level.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The TELPERION survey for distant [O iii] clouds around luminous and hibernating AGN

We present a narrow-band [O iii] imaging survey of 111 active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts and 17 merging-galaxy systems, in search of distant extended emission-line regions (EELRs) around AGNs (either extant or faded). Our data reach deeper than detection from the broad-band SDSS data and cover a wider field than some early emission-line surveys used to study extended structure around AGNs. Spectroscopic follow-up confirms two new distant AGN-ionized clouds, in the merging systems NGC 235 and NGC 5514, projected at 26 and 75 kpc from the nuclei (respectively). We also recover the previously known region in NGC 7252. These results strengthen the connection between EELRs and tidal features; kinematically quiescent distant EELRs are virtually always photoionized tidal debris. We see them in ≈10 per cent of the galaxies in our sample with tidal tails. Energy budgets suggest that the AGN in NGC 5514 has faded by >3 times during the extra light traveltime ≈250 000 yr from the nucleus to the cloud and then to the observer; strong shock emission in outflows masks the optical signature of the AGN. For NGC 235 our data are consistent with but do not unequivocally require variation over ≈85 000 yr. In addition to these very distant ionized clouds, we find luminous and extensive line emission within four galaxies - IC 1481, ESO 362-G08, NGC 5514, and NGC 7679. Among these, IC 1481 shows apparent ionization cones, a rare combination with its LINER AGN spectrum. In NGC 5514, we measure a 7-kpc shell expanding at ≈370 km s-1 west of the nucleus. © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Should the teaching of biological evolution include the origin of life?

The development of mainstream research on the origin of life as an outcome of Darwinian evolution is discussed. It is argued that prebiotic evolution and the origin of life should not be excluded from the syllabus and should be part of classes on biological evolution, and that the transition from non-living to living matter is best understood when seen as part of evolutionary biology. The wide acceptance of evolutionary approaches to the study of the emergence of life in European and Latin American countries is discussed

The compositional and evolutionary logic of metabolism

Metabolism displays striking and robust regularities in the forms of modularity and hierarchy, whose composition may be compactly described. This renders metabolic architecture comprehensible as a system, and suggests the order in which layers of that system emerged. Metabolism also serves as the foundation in other hierarchies, at least up to cellular integration including bioenergetics and molecular replication, and trophic ecology. The recapitulation of patterns first seen in metabolism, in these higher levels, suggests metabolism as a source of causation or constraint on many forms of organization in the biosphere. We identify as modules widely reused subsets of chemicals, reactions, or functions, each with a conserved internal structure. At the small molecule substrate level, module boundaries are generally associated with the most complex reaction mechanisms and the most conserved enzymes. Cofactors form a structurally and functionally distinctive control layer over the small-molecule substrate. Complex cofactors are often used at module boundaries of the substrate level, while simpler ones participate in widely used reactions. Cofactor functions thus act as "keys" that incorporate classes of organic reactions within biochemistry. The same modules that organize the compositional diversity of metabolism are argued to have governed long-term evolution. Early evolution of core metabolism, especially carbon-fixation, appears to have required few innovations among a small number of conserved modules, to produce adaptations to simple biogeochemical changes of environment. We demonstrate these features of metabolism at several levels of hierarchy, beginning with the small-molecule substrate and network architecture, continuing with cofactors and key conserved reactions, and culminating in the aggregation of multiple diverse physical and biochemical processes in cells.Comment: 56 pages, 28 figure